November is National Diabetes Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about the impact of diabetes and ways to prevent its complications. For individuals living with diabetes, foot health is one area that requires special attention. With high blood sugar levels, the body faces unique challenges that make the feet particularly vulnerable.
This blog will cover how diabetes affects foot health, warning signs to watch for, and essential steps to protect your feet from diabetes-related complications.
How Does Diabetes Affect Foot Health?
Diabetes can lead to several complications in the feet due to two primary factors: poor blood circulation and nerve damage, known as diabetic neuropathy. Here’s a breakdown of each:
Reduced Blood Flow
High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels, reducing circulation to the extremities, including the feet. When blood flow is restricted, the feet are more susceptible to infection, sores, and ulcers that can be slow to heal. In severe cases, poor circulation may even lead to gangrene, resulting in the need for amputation if not treated in time.
Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathy)
Nerve damage is a common complication in people with diabetes, especially if blood sugar levels aren’t managed effectively. Neuropathy can cause tingling, burning, and a loss of sensation in the feet, making it difficult for individuals to detect injuries. Without pain or discomfort as a warning sign, minor injuries like cuts, blisters, or even ingrown toenails can go unnoticed, leading to infections or other severe issues.
Warning Signs of Diabetic Foot Complications
Regular foot checks are vital for individuals with diabetes. Here are some symptoms to be aware of:
Numbness or tingling in your feet
Changes in skin colour or temperature
Swelling in the feet or ankles
Persistent sores, cuts, or blisters
Pain in the legs or feet while walking
Ingrown toenails or unusual foot odour
If any of these signs appear, it’s important to contact a foot health professional or healthcare provider immediately. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to avoiding more severe complications.
Foot Care Tips for People with Diabetes
Preventing foot complications requires regular, proactive foot care. Here are some essential tips:
Daily Foot Checks
Examine your feet daily for cuts, blisters, redness, or swelling. A small handheld mirror can help you see the bottom of your feet or enlist a friend or family member to assist.
Maintain Proper Hygiene
Wash your feet daily in warm water (not hot) and dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes. Apply moisturiser to prevent dryness and cracking but avoid the area between the toes to prevent fungal infections.
Choose Proper Footwear
Wear well-fitted, supportive shoes with cushioning to protect your feet. Avoid tight shoes and high heels, which can cause friction and pressure points.
Avoid Walking Barefoot
Walking without shoes, especially outdoors, increases the risk of cuts and injuries. Always wear appropriate footwear to protect your feet.
Keep Toenails Trimmed
Trim your toenails straight across to avoid ingrown nails. If you struggle with this, a foot health professional can help with safe nail care.
Visit a Foot Health Professional Regularly
Regular check-ups with a foot health professional are essential. They can identify issues early and help you manage any foot problems effectively.
When to Seek Immediate Help
While prevention is key, there are times when immediate professional care is necessary. Seek urgent medical attention if you experience any of the following:
An open sore or wound that’s not healing
Redness, warmth, or swelling in one area of the foot
Signs of infection, such as pus or unusual odour
Increased pain, especially if it limits mobility
The Importance of National Diabetes Month
National Diabetes Month highlights the importance of understanding and managing the impacts of diabetes, including foot health. By focusing on education and preventive measures, we can all work toward reducing diabetes-related complications.
Taking simple steps to care for your feet can prevent serious complications and improve your overall well-being. This month, prioritise your foot health, schedule a foot check-up, and encourage others with diabetes to do the same.
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